Diabetes distresses bone marrow stem cells by damaging their microenvironment

Jan. 31, 2013 ? New research has shown the presence of a disease affecting small blood vessels, known as microangiopathy, in the bone marrow of diabetic patients. While it is well known that microangiopathy is the cause of renal damage, blindness and heart attacks in patients with diabetes, this is the first time that a reduction of the smallest blood vessels has been shown in bone marrow, the tissue contained inside the bones and the main source of stem cells.

These precious cells not only replace old blood cells but also exert an important reparative function after acute injuries and heart attacks. The starvation of bone marrow as a consequence of microangiopathy can lead to a less efficient healing in diabetic patients. Also, stem cells from a patient's bone marrow are the most used in regenerative medicine trials to mend hearts damaged by heart attacks. Results from this study highlight an important deficit in stem cells and supporting microenvironment that can reduce stem cells' therapeutic potential in diabetic patients.

The research team, led by Professor Paolo Madeddu, Chair of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine in the School of Clinical Sciences and Bristol Heart Institute at the University of Bristol, investigated the effect of diabetes on bone marrow stem cells and the nurturing of small blood vessels in humans.

The new study, published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation Research, was funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF).

The researchers have shown a profound remodelling of the marrow, which shows shortage of stem cells and surrounding vessels mainly replaced by fat, especially in patients with a critical lack of blood supply to a tissue (ischaemia). This means that, as peripheral vascular complications progress, more damage occurs in the marrow. In a vicious cycle, depletion of bone marrow stem cells worsens the consequences of peripheral ischaemia.

Investigation of underpinning mechanisms revealed that exposure of bone marrow stem cells to the high glucose level typical of diabetes mellitus impacts on "microRNAs," which are tiny RNA molecules controlling gene expression and hence biological functions. In particular, microRNA-155, that normally controls the production of stem cells, becomes dramatically reduced in bone marrow cells exposed to high glucose. Diabetes-induced deficits are corrected by reintroducing microRNA-155 in human stem cells. The authors foresee that microRNAs could be used to regain proper stem cells number in diabetes and fix stem cells before reintroduction into a patient's body.

Professor Paolo Madeddu said: "Our study draws attention to the bone marrow as a primary target of diabetes-induced damage. The research suggests that the severity of systemic vascular disease has an impact on bone marrow causing a precocious senescence of stem cells. More severe bone marrow pathologies can cause, or contribute to, cardiovascular disease and lead to worse outcomes after a heart attack, through the shortage of vascular regenerative cells. Clinical evidence indicates that achieving a good control of glucose levels is fundamental to prevent vascular complications, but is less effective in correcting microangiopathy. We need to work hard to find new therapies for mending damaged microvessels."

Professor Costanza Emanueli, Chair of Vascular Pathology and Regeneration at the University of Bristol and co-author of the paper, added: "MicroRNAs represent an attractive means to repair the marrow damage and generate "better" stem cells for regenerative medicine applications. We are working at protocols using microRNA targeting for enhancing the therapeutic potential of stem cells before their transplantation to cure heart and limb ischaemia, which are often associated with diabetes mellitus. More work is, however, necessary before using this strategy in patients."

The findings advance the current understanding of pathological mechanisms leading to collapse of the vascular niche and reduced availability of regenerative cells. The data provides a key for interpretation of diabetes-associated defect in stem cell mobilisation following a heart attack. In addition, the research reveals a new molecular mechanism that could in the future become the target of specific treatments to alleviate vascular complications in patients with diabetes.

Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director at the BHF said: "Professor Madeddu and his team have shown for the first time that the bone marrow in patients with diabetes can't release stem cells which are important for the repair of blood vessel damage commonly found in people with the disease.

"If we could restore the ability of the marrow to release stem cells there is potential to reduce the effects of diabetes, and prevent the devastating consequences of the condition such as blindness and amputation. Understanding more about injured blood vessel repair will also aid in the fight to mend hearts damaged after a heart attack, a vital research area we fund through our Mending Broken Hearts Appeal."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Bristol.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. G. Spinetti, D. Cordella, O. Fortunato, E. Sangalli, S. P. Losa, A. Gotti, F. Carnelli, F. Rosa, S. Riboldi, F. Sessa, E. Avolio, A. P. Beltrami, C. Emanueli, P. R. Madeddu. Global Remodeling of the Vascular Stem Cell Niche in Bone Marrow of Diabetic Patients: Implication of the miR-155/FOXO3a Signaling Pathway. Circulation Research, 2012; DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.300598

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/heart_disease/~3/aCcjThUyzhI/130131163015.htm

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Improving My Spring 2013 Course on ?Real Estate and Sustainable ...

January 30th, 2013

In Spring 2013, I will offer a new course at UCLA?s Anderson School of Management with the lofty title of ?Real Estate Investment and the Development of Sustainable Cities?. ? ? Here is the course blurb; ?This course applies key ideas from real estate economics and real estate finance to investigate the incentives of developers, urban politicians, and real estate investors?to produce ?green homes?, ?green communities? and ultimately ?sustainable cities?.?? Special attention will be paid to the opportunities from investing in energy efficient residential and commercial buildings and for developing and upgrading real estate in close proximity to public transit networks.? ?The course will embrace an international perspective to examine the rise of Eco-Friendly Cities in developed and developing nations.?

While I have already posted a preliminary syllabus here, ? I would appreciate hearing some advice about what topics and readings you would suggest including in such an experimental course. ?The students will not be Ph.Ds but they all will be graduate students from different branches of UCLA. ? The Anderson School has not offered this course before and if I screw this up ?it won?t be offered again!

Posted: Wednesday, January 30th, 2013 at 7:34 am
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Source: http://www.samefacts.com/2013/01/uncategorized/improving-my-spring-2013-course-on-real-estate-and-sustainable-cities/

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Sony Pictures Classics Acquires Ralph Steadman Doc 'For No Good Reason' Featuring Johnny Depp

Sony Pictures Classics has acquired all North American rights to the Ralph Steadman documentary ?For No Good Reason? directed by Charlie Paul.

Steadman is most well known for the illustrations he contributed to the writings of Hunter S. Thompson when they were developing their Gonzo style of journalism in the 1970s. His political and satirical drawings have appeared in many books since then, and the film investigated the artist?s process with the help of Johnny Depp (who famously appeared as Thompson in Terry Gilliam?s ?Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas?).?Itch Film co-founder Lucy Paul produced.

?Ralph Steadman is one of the most profound and innovative artists of our generation,? said SPC?s Tom Bernard and Michael Barker. ?We have always admired his work and in this wonderful film, Charlie Paul opens Steadman's studio and unique creative process to both his admirers and new fans in the process.?

Independent Film Sales is repping foreign rights.

Sony Pictures Classics recently released the documentaries ?The Greatest Movie Ever Sold,? ?West of Memphis? and ?Searching for Sugar Man.? It has ?The Gatekeepers? opening in theaters Friday, Feb. 1.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/indieWIRENews/~3/6278bvt6eHU/sony-pictures-classics-acquires-ralph-steadman-doc-for-no-good-reason-featuring-johnny-depp

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Android-powered Vertu Constellation Ti leaked all over, just needs a diamond-studded price tag (updated)

Shortly after the latest rumor that Vertu's prepping its first-ever Android-based device, eagle-eyed Blog of Mobile delivered further evidence to support the claim, and it even managed to dig out what claims to be product shots of said phone. First of all, the name "Ti" and model number "RM-828V" are spotted across Bluetooth SIG, GLBenchmark and telecom regulator databases in Singapore and Macau. Having scanned through these pages we now know that the Ti will come with Android 4.0.4, an 800 x 480 display, a 1.5GHz processor, Bluetooth 4.0 and NFC. Blog of Mobile added that it's a Snapdragon MSM8260A SoC with WCDMA 850/900/1700/1900/2100 radio, accompanied by a rather lame 1,250mAh battery. Bluetooth SIG's page provided the following design description of the device:

"VERTU Ti possesses the classic Vertu design DNA and characteristics - strong, unique & distinctive. The design and craftsmanship positions VERTU Ti alongside other iconic products in the luxury market."

If the above images are authentic then the Ti does indeed maintain the classic Vertu look. The only real changes we can see so far are the three new physical keys -- presumably "Back," "Home" and "Recent apps" for Android. If all goes well, we should see this wallet-busting gadget at MWC next month, so start saving up now.

Update: Russian retailer spblux.ru lists four variants of the Ti or, as the site calls it, the Constellation Ti: "Titanium Black PVD black leather," "Titanium Black Alligator," "Red Gold Mixed Metal" and "Titanium Black Leather." Interestingly, the red gold version has a search button instead of "Recent apps," but we guess that was an earlier design. Regardless, we got all four designs after the break for your viewing pleasure. [Thanks, Roman K.]

Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile

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Source: Blog of Mobile, GLBenchmark, Bluetooth SIG, DSRT, iDA

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/BsdVL1ZNKcg/

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Get your superzoom on with Nikon's Coolpix P520 and L820

Oh, the superzoom camera -- it's not a compact and the lens doesn't twist off, but for one reason or another, this confused category has survived against the odds. So, if superzooms happen to be your shooter of choice, we've got some good news: Nikon's got a new pair to add to the pickins. For those with deeper pockets, the Coolpix P520 might be on order, with an 18.1-megapixel BSI CMOS sensor and a 3.2-inch vari-angle (tilt-and-swivel) VGA display. There's a 42x f/3.0-5.8, 24-1,000mm lens on board, netting you quite a bit of range. It also offers 1080/60i HD video shooting and WiFi compatibility through the optional ($60) WU-1a Wireless Mobile Adapter.

Casual photographers might be more taken with the Coolpix L820, which still packs a fair amount of punch, thanks to a 16-megapixel BSI CMOS sensor, a 30x, 22.5-675mm zoom lens with optical VR, and 1080p video shooting. Unlike its more feature-packed sibling, though, this model uses AA batteries -- which you might be into if international travel is on the agenda (those disposable cells are available worldwide, which helps if you aren't keen on plugging in a charger). Both offerings will hit stores in late February, with the P520 available for $450 and the L820 shipping for $280, in your choice of black or red finishes.

Show full PR text

WITH INCREDIBLE ZOOM RANGES, NIKON'S NEW S9500, P520 and L820 COOLPIX CAMERAS MAKE CAPTURING ACTION AT A DISTANCE EASY

Combining Connectivity with High Quality NIKKOR Lenses, Nikon's New COOLPIX Cameras are Designed for Every Shooting Occasion

MELVILLE, NY (January 28, 2013) - Today, Nikon Inc. introduced three new COOLPIX digital cameras with high-power zoom lenses, enabling consumers to capture beautiful images and videos at a wide range of distances. The COOLPIX P520 sports a 42x zoom lens and the versatility needed for advanced performance, while the 22x zoom COOLPIX S9500 combines impressive range with an ultra-slim, pocketable package. Both feature Wi-Fi(R) connectivity1 that allows users to send images and videos from their camera directly to a compatible smart device through the Wireless Mobile Adapter Utility application1, ideal for sharing content with others as well as for posting to social networking sites. The compact COOLPIX L820 offers a 30x zoom and an ergonomic design, making it simple and fun to comfortably capture images and videos at various distances. Great for anyone from the weekend jetsetter to the everyday memory maker, the zoom lenses and user-friendly features of the newest COOLPIX cameras make them ideal to have on-hand for any occasion.

"Nikon's new long zoom COOLPIX cameras provide consumers with the chance to capture a diverse range of subjects and scenes, whether near the subject or at a distance," said Bo Kajiwara, Vice President of Marketing, Planning and Customer Experience, Nikon Inc. "Designed for the frequent traveler, the instant sharer, and the family memory keeper, these new COOLPIX cameras offer trusted Nikon technology, high image quality, Full HD video and a variety of other features that meet photographers' needs."

The Nikon COOLPIX P520: The Advanced Performance Ultra Zoom Camera
For those looking to capture a beautiful and sharp image up close or at a distance, the new COOLPIX P520 boasts a 42x optical zoom-NIKKOR glass lens with an impressive zoom range from a wide 24mm to a whopping 1000mm (35mm equivalent), for users that require the very best in performance and versatility. Lens-shift Vibration Reduction (VR) alongside the new Active Mode assist in capturing blur-free images and video, while full manual controls give users the power to realize their creative potential when shooting. The P520 also features an 18.1-megapixel backside-illuminated (BSI) CMOS sensor and high ISO sensitivity to ensure quality images even in low-light conditions.

Additionally, the COOLPIX P520 allows users to not only shoot images from a distance, but also at unique angles thanks to a versatile 3.2-inch Vari-Angle LCD monitor. Additionally, Full HD (1080p) video recording with stereo sound is possible with the simple touch of the dedicated movie record button. This ultra-zoom camera comes with built-in GPS capabilities as well, allowing photographers to log their journey with an easy-to-use display.

To share images and videos instantly with family and friends, the P520 is compatible with the WU-1a Wireless Mobile Adapter2. This optional accessory paired along with the downloadable Wireless Mobile Adapter Utility application1 allows users to transfer their images and videos to compatible smart devices and tablets for easy sharing and viewing with others.

The Nikon COOLPIX L820: A Comfortable Long Zoom Camera Fit to Preserve Precious Family Memories
Designed to capture stunning images at various distances, the compact COOLPIX L820 sports a high-power 30x zoom, a 16-megapixel CMOS sensor, and Vibration Reduction (VR) technology to help keep shots steady. With its super wide-angle lens, covering from wide-angle 22.5mm to super-telephoto 675mm, users have the versatility to capture crisp, vivid images, whether up-close or at a distance. The camera's 3-inch monitor, ergonomic design, along with the convenience of AA-size batteries and a dedicated video button make it easy and fun for users to shoot comfortably. Thanks to a simple and intuitive interface, users can easily access a wide range of features, including Easy Auto Mode and Smart Portrait System, which enable them to enhance their photos with options like Red Eye Fix and Face-Priority AF. Other special effects include Glamour Retouch, Filter Effects and Skin Softening for optimal portrait enhancements.

The Nikon COOLPIX S9500: New Ultra-Slim Zoom Offering Shares World Travels With Ease
The slim COOLPIX S9500 sports a 22x optical zoom (25-550mm) and is the perfect companion for anyone that wants to capture and share high-quality images and HD videos with a sleek and stylish package. Small enough to keep close in a shirt pocket or purse, the S9500 features an 18.1-megapixel BSI CMOS sensor, ideal for capturing low-light images with clarity and sharpness. It also sports a legendary NIKKOR lens with Vibration Reduction (VR) to minimize the effects of blur and camera shake. For those who want to capture their journey through video, this camera also offers Full HD (1080p) movie recording with stereo sound. Additionally, a bright 3-inch OLED monitor assists users to clearly compose or view their recorded movies or captured images, even when in bright conditions. The COOLPIX S9500 also offers various shooting effects to enhance memories, including an upgraded Glamour Retouch function, Skin Softening and Quick Effects.

To enhance the user's sharing capabilities when away from family and friends, the S9500 offers a built-in GPS function to provide the user the ability to log their travels and share where they have been. In addition, the camera offers built-in Wi-Fi(R)1 connectivity so images and videos can be shared while on the go by transferring them to a compatible smart device equipped with the Wireless Mobile Adapter Utility application1. It also enables users to remotely take photos with the camera from a compatible smartphone or tablet.

The COOLPIX S6500: Compact Camera that Packs a Powerful 12x Zoom
Announced earlier this month, the COOLPIX S6500 is designed for those looking for an easy-to-carry camera that takes and shares great photos, easily. The camera features a 12x optical zoom lens, a 16-megapixel BSI CMOS sensor and a variety of user-friendly features, including five new Glamour Retouch effects, all packed into a slim, stylish camera body. In addition to an extensive feature set, the S6500 offers built-in Wi-Fi(R) connectivity1 that allows users to transfer images and HD movies from their camera directly to a compatible smart device.

Price and Availability:
The COOLPIX P520 will be available for a suggested retail price of $449.95* in Black, Red, and Dark Grey in February 2013. The COOLPIX L820 will be available for a suggested retail price of $279.95* in Black and Red, while the COOLPIX S9500 will be available for a suggested retail price of $349.95* in Black, Silver, and Red. Both will be available in February 2013. Additionally, the previously announced COOLPIX S6500 will be available in early February for a suggested retail price of $219.95* in Silver, Black, Red and Orange.

Filed under: Cameras, Nikon

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/Y5GxAY29Fdw/

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Nintendo Q3 earnings show 3 million Wii Us sold, sales forecasts lowered again

Nintendo's Q3 earnings report is out, and it's sold just over 3 million units of its new Wii U console (at a loss) along with 11.69 million pieces of software. The other big news is that it's adjusted sales forecasts downward -- again, after it announced they were being cut back in October. However, since the flagship console is sold at a loss, while Nintendo is predicting 17 percent lower revenue, its prediction for net income has actually moved up by eight billion yen ($87 million).

It's not all bad news however, as it's showing about $160 million in net income for the year, compared with last year's losses. The 3DS has jumped up to 29.84 million sold, while the original Wii is within shouting distance of the 100 million number. Need more numbers? Hit the source links to check out all the sales data firsthand.

Filed under: Gaming, HD, Nintendo

Comments

Source: Nintendo Q3 earnings (PDF), Financial Forecast adjustment (PDF)

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/BfjtGJUv-Vo/

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Reid: Replace automatic cuts in short increments

WASHINGTON (AP) ? The top Democrat in the Senate said Tuesday that lawmakers should redouble their efforts to replace looming across-the-board cuts to the Pentagon and domestic programs with alternative spending cuts and tax hikes.

The comments by Majority Leader Harry Reid came amid increasing resignation among both Democrats and Republicans that the across-the-board cuts will soon take effect. The cuts were an element of the so-called fiscal cliff that was partially averted this month with the extension of Bush-era tax cuts.

But the reprieve from spending cuts of 7 percent to the Pentagon and 5 percent to domestic programs was only temporary and will expire March 1. The cuts are known as sequestration in Washington-speak.

Republican controlling the House had led the battle to avert sequestration last year by passing replacement cuts, while Democrats put their faith in high-level budget talks involving President Barack Obama and House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, ? which failed ? and in later, successful negotiations between Vice President Joe Biden and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky.

But House Republicans now say that the across-the-board cuts provide incentive to Democrats to agree to a broader budget pact and they appear willing to let them take effect ? despite having issued dire warnings just last year of their impact on the Pentagon.

Reid said the cuts should be replaced "in short increments" with spending cuts and revenues like repealing oil and gas subsidies that were discussed in earlier negotiations.

"There are many low-hanging pieces of fruit out there that Republicans have said they agreed on previously," Reid said. There's a lot of things we can do out there, and we're going to make an effort to make sure that there is ? sequestration is ? involves revenue."

Republicans tend to represent states that have more at stake if the cuts take effects. Many GOP-dominated southern states, for instance, have major defense installations. And defense hawks warn that the cuts could cripple the military as problems fester around the world in places like Afghanistan, Iran and Syria.

"If you believe the Defense Department, (and Defense Secretary Leon) Panetta, we're destroying the finest military in the world at a time when we need it most," said Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C. "I can't explain it. It is beyond my ability to explain it to people."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-01-29-Fiscal%20Cliff-Automatic%20Cuts/id-c3fadd56ff8844dea5ca876ded510c56

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Pennsylvania: accused Franciscan friar commits suicide : News ...

CWN - January 28, 2013

A Franciscan friar who was accused of abuse by dozens of his former male students has committed suicide.

Brother Stephen Baker, TOR, worked as a teacher and coach at John F. Kennedy Catholic High School in Warren, Oh., from 1986 to 1992 and at Bishop McCort Catholic High School in Johnstown, Penn., from 1992 to 2002.

In 1998, Brother Baker also served as one of nine members of the Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown?s confirmation committee.

In October, the Diocese of Youngstown and the Immaculate Conception Province of the Franciscan Friars of the Third Order Regular settled with 11 former students. As news of the settlement became known, dozens more of his former students have come forward in recent weeks.

A different province of the Third Order Regular is associated with Saint Francis University in Loretto, Penn., and Franciscan University of Steubenville.

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Video: World?s largest Holocaust archive reveals secrets

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Home Based Business Opportunities: Online Surveys - Surveys For ...

Online Surveys - Surveys For Cash

? ??Online Paid Surveys for cash is an exciting way to make money online. But the whole procedure to start making constant income and finding paying surveys is an intriguing process filled with both disappointments and rewarding surprises. ?while the gems reward you with great payouts. You need to also need to learn how to differentiate between the two if you are going to make some serious earnings from online Paid Surveys. A market Survey Companies is the one that handles all the surveying of survey takers for their clients, the product and services companies. There are many well known big names like Global Test Market which offers internet paid surveys. Sometimes you will come across well known companies do adopt the same technique but if a survey site overdoes it, be wary. Internet paid survey companies should be concerned about building their main business which is to bring in paid surveys if they are in for the long haul. One way is to spend your time searching online, then signing up with each and trying them out. You can check at Online Income or make money forums for Work At Home people for such opportunities. Or better yet, you can get hold of a ready listing or directory of online paid surveys companies. Such listings normally contain hundreds of online survey companies that have been tested to work and pay well. Work From Home surveys are a wonderful way to supply yourself with a supplemental income without putting in so much work. Surveys can give you a flexible lifestyle and even make more than you normally would if you went to a normal job. So, start getting into surveys as soon as you can. The money you could earn can potentially be the money you need for financial freedom. Working PartTime Jobs From Home can also be the start of a new career for anyone currently unemployed. Part-time work Online Surveys online is a great way to supplement your Income, however, it is unlikely to make you a great deal of money in a short space of time. It is important therefore not to raise your expectations too high or put pressure on yourself to make a substantial amount of extra cash. To make really serious money online requires a great determination and hard work over many hours, but a Part Time Online Jobs is a great place to start. The next step would be the most important in trying to earn extra income with online ?Jobs From Home?Paid Surveys. Go out of your way and try to find out as much as you can about paid surveys, there are lots of tips on paid surveys even different methods which can be researched. Taking surveys online is a straight-forward, simple approach to earning money online. There are a lot of tempting get-rich quick methods that may sound great, but most of them are just well-formulated designed to get you to buy a product or system that simply does not perform. Here is how you can make taking paid surveys a great ?Part Online Jobs , that can get you legitimate extra cash and awesome products. Check your email and start taking surveys. If you don't see survey invitations in your email right away, you probably haven't registered for very many companies. You need to register for multiple panels to receive consistent invitations. The number of surveys available for your demographic will vary, so sometimes a particular company will have more surveys form you one month and less the next. Don't forget, you are not obligated to take a survey just because it is in your email inbox. If you don't feel the compensation is worth your time, don't take it! You will never be penalized for skipping a survey. Job Part Time A great opportunity to earn. ?Taking paid surveys is a great way to earn some extra money. This added Online Income is easy to make as surveys want your opinions. But besides the money, are there any other benefits? Of course there are! Paid surveys have many benefits. The money should be the first benefit. Who does not like to do surveys that are easy to take for a decent reward? Not many people will turn down easy money, and often times taking a survey Jobs is an easy way to make that extra dough. Visit this site to find out the top home based business. Choose from a selection of our best tried and tested home based businesses. Start Now.http://www.PartTimeWorld.com

Source: http://shivayam0.blogspot.com/2013/01/online-surveys-surveys-for-cash.html

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Boehner: It's 'time to deal' with immigration (Washington Post)

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Cities affect temperatures for thousands of miles

Jan. 27, 2013 ? Even if you live more than 1,000 miles from the nearest large city, it could be affecting your weather.

In a new study that shows the extent to which human activities are influencing the atmosphere, scientists have concluded that the heat generated by everyday activities in metropolitan areas alters the character of the jet stream and other major atmospheric systems. This affects temperatures across thousands of miles, significantly warming some areas and cooling others, according to the study this week in Nature Climate Change.

The extra "waste heat" generated from buildings, cars, and other sources in major Northern Hemisphere urban areas causes winter warming across large areas of northern North America and northern Asia. Temperatures in some remote areas increase by as much as 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit), according to the research by scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California, San Diego; Florida State University; and the National Center for Atmospheric Research.

At the same time, the changes to atmospheric circulation caused by the waste heat cool areas of Europe by as much as 1 degree C (1.8 degrees F), with much of the temperature decrease occurring in the fall.

The net effect on global mean temperatures is nearly negligible -- an average increase worldwide of just 0.01 degrees C (about 0.02 degrees F). This is because the total human-produced waste heat is only about 0.3 percent of the heat transported across higher latitudes by atmospheric and oceanic circulations.

However, the noticeable impact on regional temperatures may explain why some regions are experiencing more winter warming than projected by climate computer models, the researchers conclude. They suggest that models be adjusted to take the influence of waste heat into account.

"The burning of fossil fuel not only emits greenhouse gases but also directly affects temperatures because of heat that escapes from sources like buildings and cars," says NCAR scientist Aixue Hu, a co-author of the study. "Although much of this waste heat is concentrated in large cities, it can change atmospheric patterns in a way that raises or lowers temperatures across considerable distances."

Distinct from urban heat island effect

The researchers stressed that the effect of waste heat is distinct from the so-called urban heat island effect. Such islands are mainly a function of the heat collected and re-radiated by pavement, buildings, and other urban features, whereas the new study examines the heat produced directly through transportation, heating and cooling units, and other activities.

The study, "Energy consumption and the unexplained winter warming over northern Asia and North America," appeared online January 27. It was funded by the National Science Foundation, NCAR's sponsor, as well as the Department of Energy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Hu, along with lead author Guang Zhang of Scripps and Ming Cai of Florida State University, analyzed the energy consumption -- from heating buildings to powering vehicles -- that generates waste heat release. The world's total energy consumption in 2006 was equivalent to a constant-use rate of 16 terawatts (1 terawatt, or TW, equals 1 trillion watts). Of that, an average rate of 6.7 TW was consumed in 86 metropolitan areas in the Northern Hemisphere.

Using a computer model of the atmosphere, the authors found that the influence of this waste heat can widen the jet stream.

"What we found is that energy use from multiple urban areas collectively can warm the atmosphere remotely, thousands of miles away from the energy consumption regions," Zhang says. "This is accomplished through atmospheric circulation change."

The release of waste heat is different from energy that is naturally distributed in the atmosphere, the researchers noted. The largest source of heat, solar energy, warms Earth's surface and atmospheric circulations redistribute that energy from one region to another. Human energy consumption distributes energy that had lain dormant and sequestered for millions of years, mostly in the form of oil or coal.

Though the amount of human-generated energy is a small portion of that transported by nature, it is highly concentrated in urban areas. In the Northern Hemisphere, many of those urban areas lie directly under major atmospheric troughs and jet streams.

"The world's most populated and energy-intensive metropolitan areas are along the east and west coasts of the North American and Eurasian continents, underneath the most prominent atmospheric circulation troughs and ridges," Cai says. "The release of this concentrated waste energy causes the noticeable interruption to the normal atmospheric circulation systems above, leading to remote surface temperature changes far away from the regions where waste heat is generated."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Guang J. Zhang, Ming Cai, Aixue Hu. Energy consumption and the unexplained winter warming over northern Asia and North America. Nature Climate Change, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1803

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/18ztHxt5eMM/130127134210.htm

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Greatest Self Improvement Textbooks For Female - Business Coach

Sunday, January 27th, 2013

greatest self improvement textbooks for female.This soul is often a individual?s primary and also self-awareness.pengembangan diri. Self-awareness contributes a good deal in discovering the undetectable do-it-yourself hence encouraging within the entire growth of someone.

Self-awareness has contributed with figuring out regions that requirement enhancement mainly because it works the function of backlinking the heart and soul to an persons true self. The ultimate way to research the body and also intellect to acquire self-development should be to meditate calmly. As soon as the first is in the position to target only on their internal do it yourself, it assists throughout knowing the soul?s concealed secrets.buku pengembangan diri. There are lots of various other approaches very of which make contributions while seeking each of our redemptive do it yourself to build up a self. You ought to seek to get highest expertise in your own intrinsic self applied as it works well for comprehending the inner home as well as spirit.

Self-control is additionally really important and there is instances when people are over loaded using hurry associated with emotional baggage and do not come across time for soul-searching. Eventually, to formulate having a positive strategy toward life contributes inside soul-searching in an attempt to have got a true self applied that is certainly genuine in addition to devoid of evils. Self improvement has been in existence ever since the use of the actual Traditional thinker Aristotle who seem to lived coming from 384 British columbia : 322 BC. Turn-of-the-century researchers just like Alfred Adler, Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung released concepts just like ?life-style?, ?self-image? plus ?the procedure for individuation? in to the arena of self improvement. At present the reply to the issue, ?What is usually particular self-development?In . might be more difficult. Private personal growth comes into play a myriad of distinctive forms together with a enter in self-efficacy manufactured by Jordan Bandura within 1925. The tenets of this software outlined your objectives of non-public do it yourself progression to become A single) an anticipations connected with achievement, Only two) a chance to set complicated desired goals, Three or more) to get rid of concerns along with self-sabotaging habits plus Some) the cabability to grasp inability and also carry on and soon you conduct do well. Using a do-it-yourself progress program?s vital around accomplishing this aim. The first task to achieve in this kind of do-it-yourself progression plan?s by way of beginning appreciate your self. click here. We simply can?t bring a new self development approach that does not produce a independent person.

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Source: http://jaucoandassociates.com/7713/greatest-self-improvement-textbooks-for-female/

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The trends I noticed at CHA?

I did finish up my CHA spotlights (aka favorites!) and such, but I wanted to type up one more piece sharing the trends I noticed at the show. I always think it is interesting to see what?s happening and what seems to be hot at the moment. Oh, I don?t necessarily follow the trends, but I do admit that in my own crafting I do have things that pop up a lot now ? and won?t six months from now. I think it?s just all part of the creative process. Anyhow ? here?s what I noticed:

Designer lines
I believe we?ll see is the continued rise of the ?designer? lines. Oh yes I?know that this isn?t technically something new and that often we know the face behind the product?design (Tim Holtz, Claudine Hellmuth, and Heidi Swapp come immediately to mind) ? however I feel like?more companies are reaching out to well known crafters and doing signature lines within their brand. Yes, companies we already know and love are teaming up with amazingly talented (and well known) crafters to produce signature lines. With Crate Paper?s Maggie Holmes line, and Webster?s Pages teaming up with Allison Kreft (two of the most talked about lines of the show) I would not be surprised if we see even more special partnerships and designer names on lines at future shows. Finnabair for Prima, Dear Lizzy and Amy Tangerine for American Crafts ? there were more than ever before at this show ? and more importantly they were many of my top picks as well!

Dies
Are dies easy to manufacture? I?m asking because stamp companies, paper companies ? heck it seemed like many companies are coming out with their own dies now. The majority of these are the super thin dies that will work in a Sizzix Big Shot (or other similar die cutting manual machine). I?m wondering if they are the new clear stamp. Remember when EVERYONE made clear stamps to go with their lines?

Feathers
Putting birds on things has been around a while, and feathers aren?t brand new, but I do see them taking many more forms and being very popular at this show. Will they work great for spring? Be lovely on Easter pages? we shall see!

Insta/phone/polaroid love
Cameras have always been a common theme that we see, but one big trend at this show was polaroid-like paper frames, camera images, and even (Crate Paper) overlays for your pictures that will give instagram-like filters to your photos. More items are being made suitable for square and/or smaller photos and it seems like manufacturers are trying to make sure printed square pics from apps like hipstsamatic or instagram have a nice pretty place to rest in our scrapbooks. I was happy to see cameras in the form of stamps, papers, and even as booth decorations!

One big happy family
Are you exclusively a card maker? Do you only do a very specific look and type of project? Well, that?s fine. But don?t expect to have your crafty world remain an exclusive bubble. The days of separation are over ? there is no longer a ?card maker? or ?scrapbooker? or ?stamper? industry. It is most definitely a paper crafting world. I overheard a woman making a barbed comment about ?ugh, scrapbookers? and I just bit my tongue! Because I don?t think she realizes- embracing all forms of crafting is the way of the future. Don?t judge! Just do your thing and have fun lady.

In order to survive companies products appeal to a broad range of types of crafters. Oh, styles (such as whimsical, grungy, shabby chic?) still apply, but there isn?t the ?we are a scrapbooking company? or ?we make products for card makers? type separation that used to be so very strong. I feel like this is what will really help companies that are still in business ? and this year the show floor had NO separation of types of booths it was all mixed together. Which just reinforces that?we are all?in the wonderful hobby of crafting together.

Party Time:
I think this one is partly because using paper craft supplies to make DIY home decor and party decorations and favors has long been a thing that we crafters do. But I also believe it is also influenced by the pinterest effect. What do I mean? So many party and DIY and creative goodness can be found all over pinterest ? and I think that it has inspired companies to show off how their products can be used that way (Brenda Walton for Sizzix and the Pebbles Inc booth both did incredible with this!) and also the success of Martha Stewart Crafts items I believe has sparked some manufacturers into creating products that can be used for parties as well.

Pie
As in charts. Yeah, I noticed pie charts springing up in die cut, stencil, and I think even paper form. I came home with a cute little pie chart die, I?ll be using that and sharing more soon. I kind of like it ? reminds me of the sunburst trend in a way and cound certainly be used that way. We shall see.

Rub-ons making a come back?
Jenni Bowlin and Tim Holtz both offered rub-ons this show ? as did American Crafts (Dear Lizzy line) and many others. Are the once favorite product coming back? I felt like they went away because of their definite shelf life and because if not made well they can be a disaster. Will they stick this time around?

Silhouette inspired cuts:
In 2012 I saw so many amazing cuts from the Silhouette Cameo that I am seriously considering buying myself one. Now I wonder ? do I need to? I saw TONS of die cut pre-made products that reminded me of things I?d seen cut from a electronic machine. Dear Lizzy?s line for American Crafts had some notable ones, as did Allison Kreft (Webster?s Pages), Basic Grey,?and other companies too.

Washi mania:
Whether it?s actual washi, tissue tape, masking-like tape or whatever ? tape is EVERYWHERE and by everyone. Seriously more companies had some tape than not.

My friend Melissa noticed an emerging hot trend (which I will not mention here as she?s not blogged about it yet!) that I?m excited about ? more on that some other time!??Those are the trends I noticed this show ? what have you noticed?

Source: http://mayflaum.com/2013/01/25/the-trends-i-noticed-at-cha/

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Genes provide clues to gender disparity in human hearts

Jan. 24, 2013 ? Healthy men and women show little difference in their hearts, except for small electrocardiographic disparities. But new genetic differences found by Washington University in St. Louis researchers in hearts with disease could ultimately lead to personalized treatment of various heart ailments.

Generally, men are more susceptible to developing atrial fibrillation, an irregular, rapid heartbeat that may lead to stroke, while women are more likely to develop long-QT syndrome, a rhythm disorder that can cause rapid heartbeats and sudden cardiac death.

While prior studies have clearly established differences in the development of heart disease between men and women, very few studies had looked at the molecular mechanisms behind those differences in human hearts.

Igor Efimov, PhD, the Lucy and Stanley Lopata Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering in the School of Engineering & Applied Science at Washington University in St. Louis, and a former doctoral student, Christina Ambrosi, PhD, analyzed 34 human hearts looking for genetic differences that might explain gender differences in heart disease.

The team took advantage of the unique opportunity at the university to obtain failing human hearts at the time of transplantation from Barnes-Jewish Hospital and non-failing hearts unsuitable for transplantation from Mid-America Transplant Services, a St. Louis-based organ procurement service.

The team screened for 89 major genes in electrophysiology, ion channel subunits, calcium handling proteins and transcription factors important in cardiac conduction and in the development of arrhythmia and the left atria and ventricles in human hearts.

"What was striking in this study is that we expected very large gender differences in expression of genes in the ventricles, but we did not find such differences," says Efimov, also a professor of medicine, of radiology and of cell biology and physiology at Washington University School of Medicine. "Unexpectedly, we found huge gender differences in the atria."

The results showed that women with failing hearts have a weaker system of gene expression than men -- males showed overall higher expression levels of nearly all of the 89 genes than women.

Women showed particularly lower atrial expression levels of several important genes encoding for potassium channels, including Kv4.3, KChIP2, Kv1.5 and Kir3.1. In fact, the atria of women with heart disease had less than half of the KChIP2 mRNA than atria in men.

Results of the research were published in PLOS ONE.

Efimov says while there are still many questions that need to be answered to explain these molecular differences, one factor that could be contributing to the difference is estrogen.

"When women have the highest levels of estrogen, they are least vulnerable to arrhythmia -- women are protected by estrogen," he says. "But after menopause, women develop atrial fibrillation at the same rate as men. We don't understand this and need to study this in humans."

Another potential factor is circadian rhythm, Efimov says.

"Humans are much more likely to die suddenly from heart disease early in the morning, between 5-7 a.m.," he says. "In the cardiac system in mice, it has been shown that there is an oscillation of gene expression, so certain genes expressed at 5 a.m. could be different by threefold at 5 p.m."

Efimov says the study on human hearts is unique to Washington University, as much cardiac research elsewhere is done mostly in animal models. In the future, the team would like to expand the research into pediatric hearts, taking advantage of Washington University's leading pediatric heart transplant program to learn more about pediatric physiology.

Funding for this research was provided by the National Institutes of Health (R01-HL114395) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R-01-HL085369).

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Washington University in St. Louis. The original article was written by Beth Miller.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Journal Reference:

1. Christina M. Ambrosi, Kathryn A. Yamada, Jeanne M. Nerbonne, Igor R. Efimov. Gender Differences in Electrophysiological Gene Expression in Failing and Non-Failing Human Hearts. PLoS ONE, 2013; 8 (1): e54635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054635

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/pDQnFtrIs8U/130124150708.htm

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Instafocus Tries To Answer The Question ?What Happens After The Platform Rug Gets Pulled Out From Under You??

Instafocus did what many new app startups did: tried to build a business on the back of another, only slightly older and more stable, one. In this app's case, that bedrock business was Instagram, which was just testing out its wings as a broad-reaching platform with real-time developer API?access. But Instagram changed the rules of the game over Christmas, disabling its real-time API, and that meant rough waters ahead for Instafocus.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/UmchWUes0AM/

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Enzyme helps cancer cells avoid genetic instability

Jan. 21, 2013 ? Cancer cells are resourceful survivors with plenty of tricks for staying alive. Researchers have uncovered one of these stratagems, showing how cells lacking the tumor suppressor BRCA1 can resume one form of DNA repair, sparing themselves from stagnation or death. The study appears in the January 21^st issue of The Journal of Cell Biology.

The BRCA1 protein helps to mend double-strand DNA breaks by promoting homologous recombination. Without it, cells can amass broken, jumbled, and fused chromosomes, which may cause them to stop growing or die. Although cells lacking BRCA1 seem like they should be vulnerable, loss of the protein instead seems to boost abnormal growth.

Recent studies have shown that cells lacking BRCA1 compensate by cutting back on 53BP1. This protein helps orchestrate a different DNA repair mechanism, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), and it thwarts a key step in homologous recombination. Researchers think that, in cells without BRCA1, 53BP1 spurs excessive NHEJ that can cause fatal chromosomal chaos. But with 53BP1 out of the way, the cells are able to resume homologous recombination. That might explain why cells that lack BRCA1 and eliminate 53BP1 can withstand traditional chemotherapy compounds and PARP inhibitors, a new generation of anti-cancer drugs that are in clinical trials. But how do cancer cells turn down 53BP1?

Researchers previously found that certain mutant fibroblasts increase production of cathepsin L, a protease that destroys 53BP1. BRCA1-deficient cancer cells take advantage of the same mechanism, according to a team of researchers led by Susana Gonzalo from the Washington University School of Medicine. When they cultured breast cancer cells that were missing BRCA1, the cells stopped growing. After two weeks of lethargy, however, some cells, which the researchers dubbed BOGA cells (BRCA1-deficient cells that overcome growth arrest), began to divide again. These cells showed increased levels of cathepsin L and reduced amounts of 53BP1. Eliminating cathepsin L from BOGA cells or dosing them with vitamin D, a cathepsin L inhibitor, prevented the decline in 53BP1 abundance.

To find out whether boosting cathepsin L levels enabled the cancer cells to restart homologous recombination, the researchers monitored sites of DNA damage tagged by RAD51, a protein that helps promote homologous recombination. The cells that had stopped growing did not display RAD51 foci, but these foci were prevalent in BOGA cells with reduced 53BP1. Removing cathepsin L from BOGA cells increased 53BP1 levels and diminished the number of RAD51 foci.

If cells can't perform homologous recombination, they turn to repair mechanisms such as NHEJ that can lead to jumbled chromosomes. However, after DNA-breaking doses of radiation, BOGA cells exhibited few chromosome defects. The number of these flaws climbed after the researchers stabilized 53BP1 levels by inhibiting cathepsin L or trimming its abundance.

The team then analyzed tumor samples from breast cancer patients. Researchers suspect that cathepsin L attacks 53BP1 by entering the nucleus. Samples from patients with BRCA1 mutations or with triple-negative breast cancer -- an aggressive form of the disease -- showed high levels of nuclear cathepsin L and reduced quantities of 53BP1. That suggests tumors in these patients hike the amounts of cathepsin L in the nucleus to break down 53BP1 and restore homologous recombination.

"It's a new pathway that explains how breast cancer cells lose 53BP1," says Gonzalo. How cancer cells boost nuclear cathepsin L levels is unclear, she notes.

Triple-negative breast cancers are currently identified by their lack of Her2 and the estrogen and progesterone receptors. The work suggests that another trio of measurements -- the amounts of 53BP1, cathepsin L, and vitamin D receptor in the nucleus -- might help identify patients that are resistant to current breast cancer treatments. These people might respond to cathepsin inhibitors, some of which are undergoing animal testing. These compounds might steer the cells away from homologous recombination and leave them vulnerable to other therapies.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Rockefeller University Press, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. D. A. Grotsky, I. Gonzalez-Suarez, A. Novell, M. A. Neumann, S. C. Yaddanapudi, M. Croke, M. Martinez-Alonso, A. B. Redwood, S. Ortega-Martinez, Z. Feng, E. Lerma, T. Ramon y Cajal, J. Zhang, X. Matias-Guiu, A. Dusso, S. Gonzalo. BRCA1 loss activates cathepsin L-mediated degradation of 53BP1 in breast cancer cells. The Journal of Cell Biology, 2013; 200 (2): 187 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201204053

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/yzxjZotL_ng/130121122940.htm

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Apple removes photography app 500px over nudity concerns

Apple has removed the photography app 500px from the App Store over concerns that images of nudity are too easy to find. And... wow, unless there's some huge part of this story we still don't know, the jokes, ridicule, frustration, face-palming, condemnations, complaints, and triple entendres pretty much all write themselves. What makes this even more asinine is that the update that got 500px pulled was the one designed to make nude images even harder to find. Sarah Perez reports for TechCrunch:

The Apple reviewer told the company that the update couldn?t be approved because it allowed users to search for nude photos in the app. This is correct to some extent, but 500px had actually made it tough to do so, explains Tchebotarev. New users couldn?t just launch the app and locate the nude images, he says, the way you can today on other social photo-sharing services like Instagram or Tumblr, for instance. Instead, the app defaulted to a ?safe search? mode where these types of photos were hidden. To shut off safe search, 500px actually required its users to visit their desktop website and make an explicit change.

It's important to remember we're not talking with porn here. 500px doesn't allow porn. We're talking about nudity in artistic photography. Apple's always made it clear they had two developer platforms, the App Store for curated apps, and web apps for anything goes. Porn has gone the web app route. There's no reason 500px shouldn't be in the App Store with every other app that allows access to nude photos, including, as Phil Nickinson of Android Central pointed out, Instagram, Twitter, and Google+, and of course, every web browser app, including APPLE'S OWN SAFARI.

That's why any app with full web access has to display a warning for the kinds of content that can be found on the full web. If 500px didn't include the proper age rating and warning, however, it seems like that could have been easily corrected before things got so public.

I won't mention the tethering apps, knock off platform games, scam apps, and other nonsense that actually does get approved, because when you're dealing with humans, human mistakes happen. This feels like one of those mistakes, and hopefully it gets corrected quickly.

It's also important to point out that this isn't "censorship". Apple has the right to decide what's in, and what's not in their store. No government or other power forced Apple to remove any apps. They exercised their own discretion, just like Walmart does with its shelves, and NBC and the New York Times do their content. That doesn't mean it sucks any less, just that it's not censorship.

Update: The Verge received a comment from Apple PR saying 500px contained "pornographic" images and customers had complained about "possible child porn" in the app. The developer claimed it was the first 500px heard of that.

Oy.

Source: TechCrunch, The Verge

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/GA1nDDBM0jM/story01.htm

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Crock-Pot Recipes Review ? 148Apps ? iPhone, iPad, and iPod ...

A plethora of tasty meals that can be made with a slow cooker, even if the app's looks aren't the greatest.

The Slow Cooker is fast becoming a highly sought after kitchen gadget. With everyone leading increasingly busy lives, and in need of using their time productively, it?s so convenient being able to put some ingredients in a pot at the start of the day, knowing there will be a tasty meal ready by that evening. Crock-Pot Recipes might be a little, understandably, heavy on the advertizing but with plenty of different recipes to discover, it?s a useful resource.

That advertizing, by the way, will probably mostly grate because of the $3.99 price tag. There aren?t any banners or anything like that, but there is some fairly blatant usage of the Crock-Pot brand. Fortunately, it?s worth reading through as the app offers plenty of easy to follow recipes, even if the interface isn?t always the most attractive.

Over 250 recipes are included, covering a multitude of purposes, such as soups, chillis, curries, and even sandwiches. In each case, theme, difficulty rating and time taken figures are all offered for easy browsing. Photos are also included to tantalize the visual tastebuds, before opening up to an ingredients list and step by step instructions. This is where things turn a little too simple and basic looking, but they tell users all that they need to know about cooking the meal.

Increasingly common cookery features such as a timer, shopping list option, conversions and substitution sections are all covered here, as well as hands-free voice command functionality. It all works just how one would expect, easily covering everything users expect of a modern cookery app.

Crock-Pot Recipes does offer much more content than that, through in-app purchases, but this is where things could get pretty expensive. I found the ?basic? 250 recipes plentiful enough and didn?t feel any great need or urge to spend more. It?s convenient to have so many slow cooker focused recipes in one place.

Posted in: Food & Drink, iPad Apps and Games, iPad Food & Drink, iPhone Apps and Games, Reviews

Tagged with: $3.99, Crock-Pot, Crock-Pot Recipes, food, Food & Drink, Publications International, recipes, Slow Cooker, Slow Cooking

Review disclosure: note that the product reviewed on this page may have been provided to us by the developer for the purposes of this review. Note that if the developer provides the product or not, this does not impact the review or score.

Source: http://www.148apps.com/reviews/crockpot-recipes-review/

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MyVideoTalk Business Opportunity | Online Affiliate

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Source: http://onlineaffiliate.verticalexpansion.com/myvideotalk-business-opportunity/

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